Mutation
A change in the base sequence of a Gene that can be passed on to offspring. It supplies the raw material for evolution, and most such changes have no noticeable effect.
Most red grapefruit today descend from mutations born of gamma ray exposure. In a 1950s "Atoms for Peace" experiment, radioactive material was placed in a garden with plants around it. Those at the right distance mutated from pink into today's red, sweeter variety.
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