Graphene
Graphene is a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. It is the fundamental layer of graphite and has high electrical conductivity and mechanical strength.
In 2004, physicist Andre Geim discovered graphene by peeling scotch tape off graphite during a casual Friday evening experiment. This "dream nanomaterial"—200 times stronger than steel and 100 times more electrically conductive than copper—earned him the Nobel Prize in 2010.
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