Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European intellectual movement emphasizing reason, empirical inquiry, and individual liberty. It encouraged critical examination of political, religious, and social authority.
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake struck on All Saints' Day, a Catholic feast. Every cathedral collapsed, yet the red-light district survived unscathed. Devout believers died while the "sinful" survived—undermining "divine judgment" and marking a turning point for the Enlightenment.
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